Candian Aviation Regulations;

401.19

The holder of a student pilot permit may, for the sole purpose of the holder's flight training or flight test, act as pilot-in-command of any aircraft of the category to which the permit relates, where
(a) the flight is conducted in Canada under day VFR;
(b) in the case of flight training,
(i) it is conducted under the direction and supervision of the holder of a flight instructor rating for that category of aircraft, and
(ii) no passenger is carried on board; and
(c) in the case of a flight test,
(i) it is conducted in accordance with Section 401.15 , and
(ii) no passenger other than the person referred to in paragraph 401.15(1)(a) is carried on board.
401.26 The holder of a private pilot licence - aeroplane may act as
(a) pilot-in-command or co-pilot of an aeroplane of a class and type in respect of which the licence is endorsed with ratings;
(b) pilot-in-command of an ultra-light aeroplane; and
(c)pilot-in-command or co-pilot of any aircraft for the sole purpose of the holder's flight training or flight test where
(i) in the case of flight training,
(A) it is conducted under the direction and supervision of a flight instructor qualified in accordance with section 425.21 of the personnel licensing standards, and
(amended 2001/03/01; previous version)
(B) no passenger is carried on board, and
(ii) in the case of a flight test,
(A) it is conducted in accordance with Section 401.15, and
(B) no passenger other than the person referred to in paragraph 401.15(1)(a) is carried on board.

401.15(1) No person shall conduct a flight test required for the issuance or renewal of a flight crew permit or licence or for the endorsement of a flight crew permit or licence with a rating unless
(amended 2001/03/01; previous version)
(a) the person is qualified in accordance with the personnel licensing standards, or is designated by the Minister, to conduct the flight test;
(amended 2001/03/01; previous version)